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Insurance Claims professional presents articles and videos on insurance, insurance Claims and insurance law for insurance Claims adjusters, insurance professionals and insurance lawyers who wish to improve their skills and knowledge. Presented by an internationally recognized expert and author.
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November 19, 2025
Stealing from Fellow Church Members is Costly

Debt Resulting from Fraud is Not Dischargeable in Bankruptcy

Post 5230

Read the full article at https://lnkd.in/gpF3y7Vd, see the video at https://lnkd.in/gR5cVcbY and at https://lnkd.in/gch6Q4_V, and at https://zalma.com/blog plus more than 5200 posts.

Knowing Misappropriation and Conversion of Funds is Fraud

In re Matthew Jene Tubbs (Bankr. N.D. Tex., Fort Worth Div., No. 22-42728-MXM-7; Adv. No. 23-04019-mxm), October 15, 2025 .

Key Facts

Plaintiffs (Robles) and Defendant (Tubbs) met through their church; both held leadership roles. In Feb 2021 Robles home suffered major water damage from Winter Storm Uri and insurance paid $173,000.

In the Fall of 2021: Tubbs represented to Mr. Robles that he personally built a newer house and large barn on his parents’ property “with his own hands” (except foundation/insulation). That he had 10 years’ experience overseeing window/door installations at a major home-improvement chain, was a licensed contractor (false) and carried general contractor liability insurance.

Relying on these representations and Tubbs’s church handyman work, Robles hired Tubbs as general contractor for insurance repairs + upgrades, even though Tubbs had no prior general contracting experience.

The parties did not enter into a formal written contract. Instead, the parties jointly created a detailed budget Spreadsheet (labor + materials by room) and an 8–9 week timeline (later revised to end of Feb 2022).

Plaintiffs advanced $216,000 to Tubbs. Tubbs made almost no meaningful progress by August 2022 and was fired. Most items on the Spreadsheet never started. Flooring and kitchen cabinets he did start were defective and had to be redone. Tubbs failed to buy most materials despite having the funds and could not account for the money. Tubbs admitted on June 10, 2022: “I do not have the money to finish the project right now.” Tubbs admitted he used project funds for personal expenses (floor sander $5,000; personal credit-card bills $8,581).

Tubbs claimed he paid himself ~$78,000 as a legitimate GC/overhead fee ($10k/month). Court rejected this as not credible and unsupported by the Spreadsheet or timeline. Tubbs raised numerous defenses (undue influence by church authority, insurance fraud by plaintiffs, no binding contract, Tex. Prop. Code § 162.031(b) trust-fund defense, illegality, unclean hands, mistake, statute of frauds, etc.).

Legal Conclusions

§ 523(a)(2)(A) – False Pretenses / False Representation (nondischargeable)
Court found Tubbs made three material false representations that induced plaintiffs to hire him and advance funds:

He built the house and barn himself.
He was a licensed contractor.
He carried GC liability insurance.

The Court concluded that the Plaintiffs justifiably relied on these representations and rejected Tubbs’s “puffery” argument. The entire $152,610.05 debt was found to be nondischargeable on this ground alone (court did need to reach a finding of “actual fraud.)

§ 523(a)(6) – Willful and Malicious Injury (nondischargeable)

The statute requires deliberate/intentional injury (not just intentional act), or objective substantial certainty of harm + subjective motive, or intent to cause the actual injury.

Tubbs’s knowing misappropriation and conversion of at least $152,610.05 of project funds for personal use while knowingly leaving the job incomplete constituted willful and malicious injury to plaintiffs’ property.

Contract debts can be nondischargeable under § 523(a)(6) when the breach/conversion is intentional and harmful.
All of Tubbs’s Defenses Overruled

No undue church influence.
No insurance fraud or unclean hands by plaintiffs.
Valid oral contract existed (Spreadsheet + communications).
Tex. Prop. Code § 162.031(b) trust-fund defense inapplicable because the $78,000+ was not legitimately spent on the project or reasonable overhead/GC fee.

Conclusion

The bankruptcy court entered a nondischargeable judgment of $152,610.05 against debtor Matthew Tubbs in favor of the Robles, based on false representations that induced the contract and willful/malicious conversion of construction funds. Tubbs’s numerous defenses were rejected as not credible or legally unsupported.

Judgment for plaintiffs Felipe and Shereen Robles in the amount of $152,610.05, declared nondischargeable in Tubbs’s Chapter 7 bankruptcy under both 11 U.S.C. §§ 523(a)(2)(A) (false pretenses/representations) and 523(a)(6) (willful and malicious injury).

ZALMA OPINION

The availability of a great deal of insurance money creates a temptation to even honest church going people. Mr. Tubbs was tempted, lied about his abilities and took the insurance money designated to repair the home of Felipe and Shereen Robles and used it to pay off his ongoing debts and then filed bankruptcy hoping to avoid paying back what he owed. The bankruptcy court found that he defrauded the Robles’ and could not discharge that debt.

(c) 2025 Barry Zalma & ClaimSchool, Inc.

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00:08:33
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7 hours ago
Go Directly to Jail

Commit Insurance Fraud While on Probation Violation Requires Jail

Post number 5322

Read the full article at https://lnkd.in/gfnYSb8a, see the video at https://lnkd.in/gEu8EzYq and at https://lnkd.in/gzrJdPfC and at https://zalma.com/blog plus more than 5300 posts.

Jail is Necessary When Probation is Violated

In United States of America v. Sabine Oltmann, No. 25-60578, United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit (April 9, 2026), Sabine Oltmann pleaded guilty to unauthorized opening of mail by a postal employee and was sentenced to two years’ probation.

Just two months into that term, however, she violated the conditions of her probation by submitting a false insurance claim and falsely reporting a crime. The district court revoked her probation and sentenced her to twelve months’ imprisonment followed by twelve months of supervised release.

Oltmann contended that this above-Guidelines revocation sentence is substantively unreasonable.

The USCA reviewes probation-revocation sentences under the ...

00:05:20
7 hours ago
Go Directly to Jail

Commit Insurance Fraud While on Probation Violation Requires Jail

Post number 5322

Read the full article at https://lnkd.in/gfnYSb8a, see the video at https://lnkd.in/gEu8EzYq and at https://lnkd.in/gzrJdPfC and at https://zalma.com/blog plus more than 5300 posts.

Jail is Necessary When Probation is Violated

In United States of America v. Sabine Oltmann, No. 25-60578, United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit (April 9, 2026), Sabine Oltmann pleaded guilty to unauthorized opening of mail by a postal employee and was sentenced to two years’ probation.

Just two months into that term, however, she violated the conditions of her probation by submitting a false insurance claim and falsely reporting a crime. The district court revoked her probation and sentenced her to twelve months’ imprisonment followed by twelve months of supervised release.

Oltmann contended that this above-Guidelines revocation sentence is substantively unreasonable.

The USCA reviewes probation-revocation sentences under the ...

00:05:20
April 13, 2026
Adjuster is not an Insurer

There is no Privity Between Adjuster & an Insured

A Claim Against an Insurer for Wrongful Conduct Cannot Be Maintained Against Its Adjuster

Post number 5321

See the video at https://lnkd.in/gH6wPd45 and at https://lnkd.in/gB-7JpHZ and at https://zalma.com/blog plus more than 5300 posts.

In Lambert v. SafePort Insurance Company, et al., Civil Action No. 25-1446 (E.D. La. Apr. 2, 2026) (Morgan, J.) Plaintiff Lisa Lambert held a homeowner’s insurance policy issued by SafePort Insurance Company covering her property against windstorms and wind damage. After two separate windstorms damaged her home (the “First Wind Claim” and “Second Wind Claim”), she promptly reported both losses and attempted to mitigate damages.

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

SageSure Insurance Managers LLC acted as the claims adjuster/manager for SafePort. In both instances:

A field adjuster inspected the property and denied coverage, attributing the damage to “foundation settling as a result of earth movement” (an excluded peril that allegedly caused water pooling on the ...

00:08:04
April 02, 2026
Zalma’s Insurance Fraud Letter – April 1, 2026

ZIFL – Volume 30, Issue 7 – April 1, 2026

THE SOURCE FOR THE INSURANCE FRAUD PROFESSIONAL
Post number 5314

Posted on April 1, 2026 by Barry Zalma

Zalma’s Insurance Fraud Letter (ZIFL) continues its 30th year of publication dedicated to those involved in reducing the effect of insurance fraud. ZIFL is published 24 times a year by ClaimSchool and is written by Barry Zalma. It is provided FREE to anyone who visits the site at http://zalma.com/zalmas-insurance-fraud-letter-2/ This issue contains the following articles about insurance fraud:

No One is Above the Law – Not Even a Police Officer

Police Officer Convicted for Fraud in Reporting an Accident Affirmed
Police Officer Should never Lie about Results of Chase

In State Of Ohio v. Anthony Holmes, No. 115123, 2026-Ohio-736, Court of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth District, Cuyahoga (March 5, 2026) a police officer appealed criminal conviction as a result of lies about a high speed chase.

Read the following article and the full issue of ZIFL at https://zalma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ZIFL-04-01-2026-1.pdf...

April 01, 2026
Zalma’s Insurance Fraud Letter – April 1, 2026

ZIFL – Volume 30, Issue 7 – April 1, 2026

THE SOURCE FOR THE INSURANCE FRAUD PROFESSIONAL
Post number 5314

Posted on April 1, 2026 by Barry Zalma

Zalma’s Insurance Fraud Letter (ZIFL) continues its 30th year of publication dedicated to those involved in reducing the effect of insurance fraud. ZIFL is published 24 times a year by ClaimSchool and is written by Barry Zalma. It is provided FREE to anyone who visits the site at http://zalma.com/zalmas-insurance-fraud-letter-2/ This issue contains the following articles about insurance fraud:

No One is Above the Law – Not Even a Police Officer

Police Officer Convicted for Fraud in Reporting an Accident Affirmed
Police Officer Should never Lie about Results of Chase

In State Of Ohio v. Anthony Holmes, No. 115123, 2026-Ohio-736, Court of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth District, Cuyahoga (March 5, 2026) a police officer appealed criminal conviction as a result of lies about a high speed chase.

Read the following article and the full issue of ZIFL at https://zalma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ZIFL-04-01-2026-1.pdf...

March 31, 2026
Insurance Fraud Costs Everyone

Posted on March 30, 2026 by Barry Zalma

Insurance Fraud, a Way to Reduce Violent Crime
Post number 5313

A Fictionalized True Crime Story of Insurance Fraud from an Expert who explains why Insurance Fraud is a “Heads I Win, Tails You Lose” situation for Insurers. The story helps to Understand How Insurance Fraud in America is Costing Everyone who Buys Insurance Thousands of Dollars Every year and Why Insurance Fraud is Safer and More Profitable for the ­­­Perpetrators than any Other Crime.

She Taught Her Customers The Swoop And Squat:

Recently the California Insurance Department’s Fraud Division arrested a young woman in Los Angeles County for operating an insurance fraud school. She advertised her classes in the “Penny Saver” an advertising sheet distributed free to the public and a print version of Facebook, X Craig’s list. She had operated for several years teaching methods of committing automobile insurance fraud. Only after a police officer enrolled in one of her classes was she arrested.

Her defense ...

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