When Defendant Wins the Statute of Limitations Starts to Run
Post 4894
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Dr. Gerald Dworkin sued Liberty Mutual and various subsidiaries for wrongful use of civil proceedings arising out of a previous lawsuit accusing Dworkin of insurance fraud. Defendants moved to dismiss on the grounds that Dworkin's suit was barred by the statute of limitations.
In Gerald Dworkin, D.O. v. Liberty Mutual Holding Company, Inc., et al, Civil Action No. 24-1590, United States District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania (September 18, 2024) the USDC resolved the issue.
FACTS
Dworkin was sued in 2017 by Liberty Mutual for alleged insurance fraud. The Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas granted summary judgment in Dworkin's favor, and Liberty Mutual appealed to the Pennsylvania Superior Court, which affirmed in a November 29, 2021 unpublished opinion. The Superior Court reissued its decision as a published opinion on February 1, 2022. On March 22, 2022, the Superior Court remanded the record to the Common Pleas Court. Dworkin filed his initial complaint in this case on March 20, 2024 two days less than two years after the remand order and more than two years after the published opinion.
THE MOTION
A court may only dismiss a claim under Rule 12(b)(6) based on the statute of limitations when the basis for the limitations defense is evident from the complaint itself or other materials the court may consider, which include exhibits attached to the complaint and matters of public record.
THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS
The statute of limitations for a claim of wrongful use of civil proceedings is two years. A claim's limitations period generally begins to run as soon as it accrues; that is, as soon as the right to institute and maintain a suit arises. A plaintiff's right to institute and maintain a suit for wrongful use of civil proceedings generally arises when underlying proceedings have terminated in his favor.
The underlying proceedings terminate for the purposes of a wrongful-use claim when the defendant in the underlying proceedings successfully defeats the plaintiff's attempts to have him held legally liable. The defendant successfully defeats the plaintiff when judgment for the defendant becomes final, which generally happens when the judgment has been upheld by the highest appellate court having jurisdiction over the case or the judgment has not been appealed.
Dworkin contended his claim accrued when the Superior Court remanded the record to the trial court on March 22, 2022. That was incorrect. The grant of summary judgment was by law subject to revision during the pendency of the claims against co-defendants and was therefore not a final judgment until, at the earliest, the date on which the plaintiff in the underlying proceedings agreed to settle and release all defendants.
Dworkin's claim accrued at the expiration of Liberty Mutual's time to appeal the Superior Court's ruling because that is the point at which he successfully defeated Liberty Mutual's attempts to have him held legally liable, more than two years before the filing of Dworkin's suit.
ZALMA OPINION
The statute of limitations exists to protect defendants against stale claims which are difficult to defend because facts and witnesses become stale. Dworkin beat Liberty Mutual's suit claiming he committed fraud. If he wished to obtain damages from Liberty he should have sued as soon as he could rather than waiting more than two years and claiming that his account only accrued when at the ministerial act rather than than on the day the final judgment was entered at the time of the appeal affirming the judgment.
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