Statute of Limitations Bars Bad Faith Claim
Barry Zalma
Sep 22, 2023
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Loann T. Phan-Kramer and Jonerik Kramer sued American States Insurance Company for underinsured motorist coverage, won, and collected. Then, they sued American States again asserting statutory bad faith, breach of contract/good faith and fair dealing, and loss of consortium.
In Loann T. Phan-Kramer and Jonerik Kramer v. American States Insurance Company, No. 2:23-cv-01867-JDW, United States District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania (September 14, 2023) the USDC took away part of plaintiffs claim and allowed the rest to proceed in a Solomon like decision.
BACKGROUND FACTS
On April 15, 2016, an underinsured motorist rear-ended Loann T. Phan-Kramer. She suffered a full thickness tear of her rotator cuff, as well as other neck and back injuries. At the time of the accident, American States Insurance Company insured Ms. Phan-Kramer, including underinsured motorist (“UIM”) benefits. After suing then settling with the other driver, Plaintiffs filed their UIM insurance claim with American States. American States denied that claim and Plaintiffs sued. At trial, the jury returned a verdict in Plaintiffs’ favor and the insurer satisfied the verdict.
DISCUSSION
The Tort of Bad Faith
The statute of limitations bars Plaintiffs’ claim. The statute of limitations on a bad faith claim is two years in Pennsylvania. The statute begins to run when the insurer first refuses to pay the claim. When the court denied Plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file a second amended complaint, the court concluded that the statute of limitations began to run on June 28, 2019, when American States denied their claim. Plaintiffs’ time to file this claim expired on June 28, 2021. Therefore, American States’s Motion on the bad faith claim was granted because it was barred by the statute of limitations.
Breach of Contract/Loss of Consortium
The Third Circuit has adopted a bright-line rule that res judicata cannot bar claims that are predicated on events that postdate the filing of the initial complaint. Because Plaintiffs’ breach of contract and loss consortium claims both rely (at least in part) on American States’s conduct following the filing of the initial lawsuit, res judicata cannot preclude these claims.
American States acknowledged that the Amended Complaint “focus[es] . . . on the ways that American States supposedly acted in bad faith during the litigation and trial of the underlying UIM/consortium case.”
Because the bright-line rule bars the application of res judicata, American States’s Motion on the breach of contract and loss of consortium claims was denied.
ZALMA OPINION
Insurance companies, like every person and corporation, are imperfect. American States decided it did not owe UIM benefits to its insured, took the issue to trial and lost. It paid the judgment only to be sued for defending the original suit. The court found that the insured/plaintiffs filed their bad faith claim too late and dismissed that action only to allow the breach of contract and loss of consortium claims to proceed. The decision is a Pyrrhic victory for the plaintiffs since they already recovered in the initial suit the contract damages.
(c) 2023 Barry Zalma & ClaimSchool, Inc.
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Commit Insurance Fraud While on Probation Violation Requires Jail
Post number 5322
Read the full article at https://lnkd.in/gfnYSb8a, see the video at https://lnkd.in/gEu8EzYq and at https://lnkd.in/gzrJdPfC and at https://zalma.com/blog plus more than 5300 posts.
Jail is Necessary When Probation is Violated
In United States of America v. Sabine Oltmann, No. 25-60578, United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit (April 9, 2026), Sabine Oltmann pleaded guilty to unauthorized opening of mail by a postal employee and was sentenced to two years’ probation.
Just two months into that term, however, she violated the conditions of her probation by submitting a false insurance claim and falsely reporting a crime. The district court revoked her probation and sentenced her to twelve months’ imprisonment followed by twelve months of supervised release.
Oltmann contended that this above-Guidelines revocation sentence is substantively unreasonable.
The USCA reviewes probation-revocation sentences under the ...
Commit Insurance Fraud While on Probation Violation Requires Jail
Post number 5322
Read the full article at https://lnkd.in/gfnYSb8a, see the video at https://lnkd.in/gEu8EzYq and at https://lnkd.in/gzrJdPfC and at https://zalma.com/blog plus more than 5300 posts.
Jail is Necessary When Probation is Violated
In United States of America v. Sabine Oltmann, No. 25-60578, United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit (April 9, 2026), Sabine Oltmann pleaded guilty to unauthorized opening of mail by a postal employee and was sentenced to two years’ probation.
Just two months into that term, however, she violated the conditions of her probation by submitting a false insurance claim and falsely reporting a crime. The district court revoked her probation and sentenced her to twelve months’ imprisonment followed by twelve months of supervised release.
Oltmann contended that this above-Guidelines revocation sentence is substantively unreasonable.
The USCA reviewes probation-revocation sentences under the ...
There is no Privity Between Adjuster & an Insured
A Claim Against an Insurer for Wrongful Conduct Cannot Be Maintained Against Its Adjuster
Post number 5321
See the video at https://lnkd.in/gH6wPd45 and at https://lnkd.in/gB-7JpHZ and at https://zalma.com/blog plus more than 5300 posts.
In Lambert v. SafePort Insurance Company, et al., Civil Action No. 25-1446 (E.D. La. Apr. 2, 2026) (Morgan, J.) Plaintiff Lisa Lambert held a homeowner’s insurance policy issued by SafePort Insurance Company covering her property against windstorms and wind damage. After two separate windstorms damaged her home (the “First Wind Claim” and “Second Wind Claim”), she promptly reported both losses and attempted to mitigate damages.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
SageSure Insurance Managers LLC acted as the claims adjuster/manager for SafePort. In both instances:
A field adjuster inspected the property and denied coverage, attributing the damage to “foundation settling as a result of earth movement” (an excluded peril that allegedly caused water pooling on the ...
ZIFL – Volume 30, Issue 7 – April 1, 2026
THE SOURCE FOR THE INSURANCE FRAUD PROFESSIONAL
Post number 5314
Posted on April 1, 2026 by Barry Zalma
Zalma’s Insurance Fraud Letter (ZIFL) continues its 30th year of publication dedicated to those involved in reducing the effect of insurance fraud. ZIFL is published 24 times a year by ClaimSchool and is written by Barry Zalma. It is provided FREE to anyone who visits the site at http://zalma.com/zalmas-insurance-fraud-letter-2/ This issue contains the following articles about insurance fraud:
No One is Above the Law – Not Even a Police Officer
Police Officer Convicted for Fraud in Reporting an Accident Affirmed
Police Officer Should never Lie about Results of Chase
In State Of Ohio v. Anthony Holmes, No. 115123, 2026-Ohio-736, Court of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth District, Cuyahoga (March 5, 2026) a police officer appealed criminal conviction as a result of lies about a high speed chase.
Read the following article and the full issue of ZIFL at https://zalma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ZIFL-04-01-2026-1.pdf...
ZIFL – Volume 30, Issue 7 – April 1, 2026
THE SOURCE FOR THE INSURANCE FRAUD PROFESSIONAL
Post number 5314
Posted on April 1, 2026 by Barry Zalma
Zalma’s Insurance Fraud Letter (ZIFL) continues its 30th year of publication dedicated to those involved in reducing the effect of insurance fraud. ZIFL is published 24 times a year by ClaimSchool and is written by Barry Zalma. It is provided FREE to anyone who visits the site at http://zalma.com/zalmas-insurance-fraud-letter-2/ This issue contains the following articles about insurance fraud:
No One is Above the Law – Not Even a Police Officer
Police Officer Convicted for Fraud in Reporting an Accident Affirmed
Police Officer Should never Lie about Results of Chase
In State Of Ohio v. Anthony Holmes, No. 115123, 2026-Ohio-736, Court of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth District, Cuyahoga (March 5, 2026) a police officer appealed criminal conviction as a result of lies about a high speed chase.
Read the following article and the full issue of ZIFL at https://zalma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ZIFL-04-01-2026-1.pdf...
Posted on March 30, 2026 by Barry Zalma
Insurance Fraud, a Way to Reduce Violent Crime
Post number 5313
A Fictionalized True Crime Story of Insurance Fraud from an Expert who explains why Insurance Fraud is a “Heads I Win, Tails You Lose” situation for Insurers. The story helps to Understand How Insurance Fraud in America is Costing Everyone who Buys Insurance Thousands of Dollars Every year and Why Insurance Fraud is Safer and More Profitable for the Perpetrators than any Other Crime.
She Taught Her Customers The Swoop And Squat:
Recently the California Insurance Department’s Fraud Division arrested a young woman in Los Angeles County for operating an insurance fraud school. She advertised her classes in the “Penny Saver” an advertising sheet distributed free to the public and a print version of Facebook, X Craig’s list. She had operated for several years teaching methods of committing automobile insurance fraud. Only after a police officer enrolled in one of her classes was she arrested.
Her defense ...
