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August 19, 2022
No Contract Without Offer & Acceptance

Assuming that Coverage Exists Does not Make a Contract

Read the full article at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/contract-without-offer-acceptance-barry-zalma-esq-cfe and see the full video at https://rumble.com/v1gh8uj-no-contract-without-offer-and-acceptance.html and at

and at https://claimschool.com/?p=137 plus more than 4300 posts at https://zalma.com/blog.

Posted on August 19, 2022 by barryzalma

See the full video at https://rumble.com/v1gh8uj-no-contract-without-offer-and-acceptance.html and at

Barry A. Lindsten appealed a circuit court order dismissing his action against Astronautics Corporation of America (Astronautics) and Robertson Ryan &Associates, Inc. and Michael R. Schulte (Robertson Ryan).

In Barry A. Lindsten, Sarah M. Lindsten v. Astronautics Corporation of America, Mayo Medical Plan, Trumbull Insurance Company, Hartford Casualty Insurance Company and Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Defendants, Robertson Ryan &Associates, Inc. and Michael R. Schulte, ABC Insurance Company, No. 2021AP115, Court of Appeals of Wisconsin, District I (August 16, 2022) the Court of Appeals resolved the issues raised by Lindsten.

BACKGROUND

On August 13, 2016, in Milwaukee County, a motor vehicle struck a rental vehicle driven by Lindsten. At the time of the accident, Lindsten was in Wisconsin to perform work for his employer, Astronautics, who provided and paid for the rental vehicle.

Lindsten alleged that Astronautics and its insurance agent/broker, Robertson Ryan, had failed to provide underinsured motorist (UIM) coverage. Astronautics moved to lift the stay for the limited purpose of addressing whether it was a proper party in the case.

The circuit court granted Astronautics’ motion to lift the stay and allowed the parties to conduct discovery on the following limited issues: (1) whether Lindsten was acting within the scope of his employment for Astronautics when the accident at issue took place; and (2) whether Astronautics entered into a contract with Lindsten to specifically provide UIM coverage.

Lindsten filed an amended complaint. Lindsten raised two causes of action against Astronautics: (1) breach of an oral contract; and (2) reformation. According to Lindsten, on or prior to the date of the accident, he was informed by Astronautics’ travel administrator that Astronautics “would provide full insurance coverage” and “would take care of all his insurance needs on rental cars.” Based on prior travel experience with previous employers, Lindsten assumed this included UIM coverage. Lindsten further alleged that the travel administrator informed him that he should sign an insurance waiver to specifically opt out of the insurance coverage offered by the rental agency in favor of the coverage provided by Astronautics.

In regards to Robertson Ryan, Lindsten also raised two causes of action: (1) breach of contract; and (2) negligence. Lindsten alleged that Astronautics had specifically requested that Robertson Ryan provide UIM coverage, and that Robertson Ryan had failed to procure a policy that would provide UIM coverage. Further, Lindsten alleged that if Robertson Ryan had procured the UIM coverage, Lindsten would have been a third-party beneficiary of any such insurance coverage.

Both Astronautics and Robertson Ryan filed a motion to dismiss. Astronautics contended that the allegation that Astronautics agreed to take care of all of Lindsten’s insurance needs was not specific enough to cover an offer to provide UIM coverage, thus, no contract was created. Further, Astronautics contended that only written contracts could be reformed.

The circuit court granted the motions to dismiss. The court explained that a “specific offer” is required to create an insurance contract, and that it is not enough to simply allege that there was an offer for “insurance,” “full coverage,” or “insurance needs.” Rather, the pleadings needed to specifically refer to UIM coverage.

DISCUSSION

A motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim tests the legal sufficiency of the complaint. To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain a short and plain statement of the claim, identifying the transaction or occurrence or series of transactions or occurrences out of which the claim arises and showing that the pleader is entitled to relief. In other words, a complaint must plead facts, which if true, would entitle the plaintiff to relief.

Whether a complaint states a claim upon which relief may be granted is a question of law that we review de novo, benefitting from the circuit court’s decision. The court will accept as true the factual allegations in the complaint but will not accept any legal conclusions. Factual allegations must be more than labels and conclusions or a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action.

On appeal, Lindsten asserts that the circuit court erred in granting the motions to dismiss. When certain conditions exist, a statute provides the exclusive remedy for recovery for an employee against an employer. Lindsten’s brief-in-chief fails to address why this doctrine does not apply. We generally do not address undeveloped arguments, and we decline to do so here. The trial court’s decision was affirmed.

ZALMA OPINION

A person cannot create a contract without being able to prove that there was an offer, acceptance of the offer, and payment of consideration. Lindsten claimed that there was an oral contract to provide him all insurance he needed. Even if there was an offer and acceptance of that offer it was too vague to make sense or to be enforceable. Insurance is a contract between the insurer and the insured. Lindsten was neither an insurer nor was he an insured. He was the employee of the insured.

(c) 2022 Barry Zalma & ClaimSchool, Inc.

Barry Zalma, Esq., CFE, now limits his practice to service as an insurance consultant specializing in insurance coverage, insurance claims handling, insurance bad faith and insurance fraud almost equally for insurers and policyholders. He practiced law in California for more than 44 years as an insurance coverage and claims handling lawyer and more than 54 years in the insurance business. He is available at http://www.zalma.com and [email protected].

Subscribe and receive videos limited to subscribers of Excellence in Claims Handling at locals.com https://zalmaoninsurance.locals.com/subscribe.

Subscribe to Excellence in Claims Handling at https://barryzalma.substack.com/welcome.

Write to Mr. Zalma at [email protected]; http://www.zalma.com; http://zalma.com/blog; daily articles are published at https://zalma.substack.com.

Go to the podcast Zalma On Insurance at https://anchor.fm/barry-zalma; Follow Mr. Zalma on Twitter at https://twitter.com/bzalma; Go to Barry Zalma videos at Rumble.com at https://rumble.com/c/c-262921; Go to Barry Zalma on YouTube- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCysiZklEtxZsSF9DfC0Expg; Go to the Insurance Claims Library – https://zalma.com/blog/insurance-claims-library/

00:14:42
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December 30, 2025
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Montana County Attorney Admits to Insurance Fraud & Is Only Suspended from Practice for 60 Days
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Read the full article at https://lnkd.in/gnBaCjmv, see the video at https://lnkd.in/gfpVsyAd and at https://lnkd.in/gC73Nd8z, and at https://zalma.com/blog plus more than 5250 posts.

A Lawyer Who Commits Insurance Fraud and Pleas to a Lower Charge Only Suspended

In The Matter Of: Naomi R. Leisz, Attorney at Law, No. PR 25-0150, Supreme Court of Montana (December 23, 2025) the Montana Office of Disciplinary Counsel (ODC) filed a formal disciplinary complaint with the Commission on Practice (Commission) against Montana attorney Naomi R. Leisz.

On September 25, 2025, Leisz tendered a conditional admission and affidavit of consent. Leisz acknowledged the material facts of the complaint were true and she had violated the Montana Rules of Professional Conduct as alleged by ODC.

ADMISSIONS

Leisz admitted that in April 2022, her minor son was involved in a car accident in which he hit a power pole. Leisz’s son ...

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December 30, 2025
Montana Lawyer Commits Insurance Fraud and Receives Minimal Punishment

Montana County Attorney Admits to Insurance Fraud & Is Only Suspended from Practice for 60 Days
Post 5251

Read the full article at https://lnkd.in/gnBaCjmv, see the video at https://lnkd.in/gfpVsyAd and at https://lnkd.in/gC73Nd8z, and at https://zalma.com/blog plus more than 5250 posts.

A Lawyer Who Commits Insurance Fraud and Pleas to a Lower Charge Only Suspended

In The Matter Of: Naomi R. Leisz, Attorney at Law, No. PR 25-0150, Supreme Court of Montana (December 23, 2025) the Montana Office of Disciplinary Counsel (ODC) filed a formal disciplinary complaint with the Commission on Practice (Commission) against Montana attorney Naomi R. Leisz.

On September 25, 2025, Leisz tendered a conditional admission and affidavit of consent. Leisz acknowledged the material facts of the complaint were true and she had violated the Montana Rules of Professional Conduct as alleged by ODC.

ADMISSIONS

Leisz admitted that in April 2022, her minor son was involved in a car accident in which he hit a power pole. Leisz’s son ...

00:08:27
December 26, 2025
Liability Insurance only Responds to Fortuitous Acts

Insurer’s Exclusion for Claims of Assault & Battery is Effective
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Read the full article at https://lnkd.in/gBzt2vw9, see the video at https://lnkd.in/gEBBE-e6 and at https://lnkd.in/gk7EcVn9, and at https://zalma.com/blog plus more than 5250 posts.

Bar Fight With Security is an Excluded Assault & Battery

In The Cincinnati Specialty Underwriters Insurance Company v. Mainline Private Security, LLC, et al., Civil Action No. 24-3871, United States District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania (December 16, 2025) two violent attacks occurred in Philadelphia involving young men, Eric Pope (who died) and Rishabh Abhyankar (who suffered catastrophic injuries). Both incidents involved security guards provided by Mainline Private Security, LLC (“Mainline”) at local bars. The estates of the victims sued the attackers, the bars, and Mainline for negligence and assault/battery. The insurer exhausted a special limit and then denied defense or indemnity to Mainline Private Security.

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Mainline had purchased a commercial ...

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10 hours ago
“Sudden” is the Opposite of “Gradual”

Court Must Follow Judicial Precedent
Post 5252

Read the full article at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/sudden-opposite-gradual-barry-zalma-esq-cfe-h7qmc, see the video at and at and at https://zalma.com/blog plus more than 5250 posts.

Insurance Policy Interpretation Requires Application of the Judicial Construction Doctrine

In Montrose Chemical Corporation Of California v. The Superior Court Of Los Angeles County, Canadian Universal Insurance Company, Inc., et al., B335073, Court of Appeal, 337 Cal.Rptr.3d 222 (9/30/2025) the Court of Appeal refused to allow extrinsic evidence to interpret the word “sudden” in qualified pollution exclusions (QPEs) as including gradual but unexpected pollution. The court held that, under controlling California appellate precedent, the term “sudden” in these standard-form exclusions unambiguously includes a temporal element (abruptness) and cannot reasonably be construed to mean ...

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December 29, 2025
Doctor Accused of Insurance Fraud Sues Insurer Who Accused Him

Lack of Jurisdiction Defeats Suit for Defamation

Post 5250

Posted on December 29, 2025 by Barry Zalma

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He Who Represents Himself in a Lawsuit has a Fool for a Client

In Pankaj Merchia v. United Healthcare Services, Inc., Civil Action No. 24-2700 (RC), United States District Court, District of Columbia (December 22, 2025)

FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Parties & Claims:

The plaintiff, Pankaj Merchia, is a physician, scientist, engineer, and entrepreneur, proceeding pro se. Merchia sued United Healthcare Services, Inc., a Minnesota-based medical insurance company, for defamation and related claims. The core allegation is that United Healthcare falsely accused Merchia of healthcare fraud, which led to his indictment and arrest in Massachusetts, causing reputational and business harm in the District of Columbia and nationwide.

Underlying Events:

The alleged defamation occurred when United ...

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December 15, 2025
Zalma’s Insurance Fraud Letter – December 15, 2025

Zalma’s Insurance Fraud Letter

Read the full article at https://lnkd.in/dG829BF6; see the video at https://lnkd.in/dyCggZMZ and at https://lnkd.in/d6a9QdDd.

ZIFL Volume 29, Issue 24

Subscribe to the e-mail Version of ZIFL, it’s Free! https://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/manage/optin?v=001Gb86hroKqEYVdo-PWnMUkcitKvwMc3HNWiyrn6jw8ERzpnmgU_oNjTrm1U1YGZ7_ay4AZ7_mCLQBKsXokYWFyD_Xo_zMFYUMovVTCgTAs7liC1eR4LsDBrk2zBNDMBPp7Bq0VeAA-SNvk6xgrgl8dNR0BjCMTm_gE7bAycDEHwRXFAoyVjSABkXPPaG2Jb3SEvkeZXRXPDs%3D

Zalma’s Insurance Fraud Letter (ZIFL) continues its 29th year of publication dedicated to those involved in reducing the effect of insurance fraud. ZIFL is published 24 times a year by ClaimSchool and is written by Barry Zalma. It is provided FREE to anyone who visits the site at http://zalma.com/zalmas-insurance-fraud-letter-2/

Zalma’s Insurance Fraud Letter

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Read the full 19 page issue of ZIFL at ...

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